In this study we make use of the Swarm counter-rotation constellation for estimating the typical scale length of the post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) along fluxtubes.The close approaches between Swarm spacecraft near the equator occurred in September and October 2021, covering the magnetic local time from 19:00 to 23:00, which is favora

There is an ever-growing need for optimizing efficient nano and quantum communication systems and this demand calls for more advanced optimization techniques than those that have been around for quite some time.The conventional genetic algorithms (GAs) proved to be quite helpful in general but proved to be poor when it comes to fast convergence and